Adjustable perpetual calendar.



No. 64|,433-l Y Patented'lan. la, |900.

v s. A. BuELL.

ADJUSTABLE PERPETUAL CALENDAR.

, (Application led Dee. 19, 1898.). (No Model.) I2 Sheets-Sheet 2 b a, 209876 43 9876. 9 2. 0 9676 21o? 765 a, zzzmB/l//M//nmooob .aovom o7999%W%?99e%,68$ .b5 n. 7G. n m 22 2mn.. @www .nu MMM n. .Mqa $452! LVE/v TOP.' F/G.

2 SHLM oN A5051. L. @y

NK A NORA/E Ys,

Wl TNESSES we scams PETERS cn, PHoToLnNo.. wAsHlNm'oN. D. c.

Painfed 1an. le, 190m s. A. BuELL.

ADJUSTABLE PEHPETUAL CALENDAR.

, (Application filed Dec. 19, 1898.) No Model.)

I2 Sheets-Sheet 34 /r/G.'5 /NVE/VTOH SHLMONH. BUELL THE Nonms PETERS co.M0104.: ma. wAsmNmoN. n, c.

/ No. 64|,43s. A Patented 1an. ls, |900.

S. A. BUELL.

ADJUSTABLE PERPETUAL CALENDAR.

' (Applicationled Dec. i9, 189B.\ (No Model.) l2 Sheets-Sheet 4.

RME OHV 0F "HE WEEK.

W/TNESSES v /N VE N TO? sHLMo/v A. BUE/ L BY www,

Ano/mim, I

Tu: Nonms Psens co., moro-mmc.. wAsulNoToN. n. c.

No. 641,433. Patented Ian. I6, |900. S. A. BUELL. ADJUSTABLE PEHPETUALCALENDAR (Application filed' nec. 19, 189s.)

I2 Sheets-Sheet 5.

(No Model.)

...Fssmmvv wwvvppsaeeMMfrwwrrFFssss MMTTww-,fsssMMT rwwf,ssssMmrTww..fFFssNNl/w wfsssMMrrw wwrFFssseMMTrww;

uw m 3....

M www w www .7. Z n Zw ...www u w l Z13 u M MJ i .n M.. m 4...

/N VENTO/ SALMON A. Bue-L1.

W/ TN E SSE S BWMM TN: cams PE1-:ns co., PR01-gums.. wAsHmomn, o. c.

No. 64|,433. Patented 1an. la, 1900. s. A. BuELL.

ADJUSTABLE PERPETUAL CALENDAR.

(Application led Dec. 19, 1898.) (No Model.) I2 Sheets-Sheet 6,

.qous Taal. E PERPE rum..

chl.: N DMR Bw wma,

#O1 A NORA/5x51,

'W/ TNESSE N0. 64|',433. Patented lall. I6, |900.

S. A. BUELL.

.ADJUSTABLE PERPETUAL CALENDAR.

(Application led Dec. 19, 1898.) (No Model.) I2 Sheets-$heet 7.

/NVENTOH SFILMON f7.

BUELL @MM Nw A fr0/NVE YS,

VV/TNESS ES.'

THE Norms PETERS co.. PNorauwo.. wAsNl-NuroN. u. cy

` No. 64l,43'3. Patented lan. I6, |900.

S. A.`BUELL. ADJUSTABLE PERPETUAL CALENDAR.v

(Application med meu 19, 189s.) (Nu Model.) l2 Sheets-Sheet 8.

vFVG/9 F/Giao W/TNESSES s /N VENTO/Cl sgi- MON BUELL..

Tus NoRms PETER: co, mman-mo., wnsrumrroN4 o. c.

Patented Ian. I6, |900.

S. A. BUELL.

ADJUSTABLE PEHPETUAL CALENDAR.

(Application led Dec. 19, 1698 I (No Model.) lI2 Sheets-Sheet 9.

PETUH nfl? 7145 y E T00 N F76. Ll

i /N VEN 70H I SHA MON i. sz/ZL BY m l;

H1 A Trop/v5 ys WITNESSES:

'rnc Nonms Pszns co. PHUro-LTHQ.. WASHINGTON. D. c.

No. 64|,433. Patented Jan` I6, 1900. S. A. BUELL.

ADJUSTABLE PERPETUAL CALENDAR.

(Application led Dec. 19, 1898.) (No Modem l2 Sheets-Sheet l0,

I i i i i Fic-3.23

MM www me Noums PETERS co4 Pnoruumo, vnsmuorom n. c

No. 64|,43s. Patented 1an. la, |900. s. A. Bul-:LL

ADJUSTABLE PERPETUAL CALENDAR.

(Appxieaum med nec. 19, 189s.) (No Model.) I2 Sheets-Sheet Il.

/N VEN 70H SHLMON H, Bueu.

.zn/6D (M e 40A from/E YS SALMON A. BUELL, OF MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA.

ADJUSTABLE lPlanen-rum. CALENDAR.

srncirrca'rron forming para of Letters Patent No, 641,433, dated January1e, 1900. Application tiled December 19, l1898.V Serial No. 699,882. (Nomodel.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, SALMON A. BUELL, of the city of Minneapolis, countyof Hennepin, State of Minnesota, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Adjustable Perpetual Calendars, of which the followingis a specification.

This invention relates to calendars, and particularly to .perpetualcalendars.

The object of my invention is to provide an adjustable perpetualcalendar whereby the .days of the week and month in any year may beshown.

A further object is to provide an adjustable calendar that is completefor each and any year to which it may be adjusted from 13.10. 4999 to A.D. 3599 and. which shows lboth the old style and new style calculaticns.

A further object is to provide .an adjustable calendar containingcorrections of all the errors that have been made in the calculations oftime from 4999 B. O. to the present.

A further object is to provide a calendar consisting of two partsrelatively adjustable .and arranged one upon the other, the first or-front part having calendar indications and numbers representing thedays of the months for a common year, that are progressively arranged,and other numbers representing the hundreds and thousands of yearswithin the limits of the calendar, that are progressively arranged andprovided with openings through which characters, figures, and numbers onthe second or baclf` part may be shown and the second or back parthaving characters representing the days of the week in duplicate setsthat are progressively arranged and the figures 2 and 9 for the extraleapyear day (February 29) and numbers representing the units and tensof all years in any century within the limits of the calendar, that areprogressively arranged, the indications and characters and figures andnumbers on the two parts and the openings on the front part being soarranged relatively to one another that when the two parts are adjustedso as to show the number representing any year within the limits of thecalendar at its appropriate opening the calendar will correctly andcompletely show the days of the Week and the corresponding days of themonth for that year.

My invention consists generally in an adjus-table calendar whereby thedays of any year may be determined by the mechanical manipulation of theparts of the calendar and without any resort to independentcalculations.

My invention consists, further and particularly, in a calendarcomprising two par-ts,

lone upon or in front of the other, the front part provided with a faceor calendar for a year, save the days of the week and February 29, butin lieu thereof having openings of definite mechanical location withrelation to said calendar, and the other or back part bearingmechanically-related representations for the days of the week and forFebruary 29 and for the units and tens of dierent years, some of whichrepresentations appear in the openings of the front part in everyadjustment of the back part to correct and complete the calendar for anygiven year.

My invention also consists in various constructions and combinations ofparts, all as hereinafter described, and particularly pointed out in theclaims.

The invention will be more readily understood by reference to theaccompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, and inwhich-- Figure l represents the face and front part of an adjustablecalendar embodying my invention. Fig. 2 is a view thereof with the frontpart removed, showing a portion of the back part of the calendar. Fig. 3illustrates the reverse side of the belt partly shown in Fig. 2 and theremaining portieri of the back part of the calendar. Fig. 4 is avertical cross-section of the device. Fig. 5 is a detail showing thebearing for the lower roll. Fig. 6 is a similar detail illustrating theadjustable bearing for the upper roll. Fig. 7 is a sectional detailsubstantially on the line fr. .fr of Fig. 6, the roll being shown inelevation. Fig. 8 illustrates the face and front part of a modified formof my calendar, the same being adapted for the years A. D. l to 2099.Fig. 9 is a sectional view on the line y y of Fig. 8. Fig. l0 is across-section on the line ez of Fig. 8. Fig. ll is a detail of the'self-adjusting bearing for the upper roll. Fig. 12 is a section on theline u u of Fig. 11. Fig. 13 is an end detail. Fig. 14 represents theface of the back and movable part or belt of the calendar shown in Figs.8 and 9. Fig. 15 illustrates the face, partly broken away, but leavingthe front part of a circular calendar embodying my invention. Figs. 1Gand 17 together represent the face of the circular back and movable partor disk that is used in connection with the face-sheet shown in Fig. 15.Fig. 18 is a cross-section of the back and movable part or disk. Fig. 19is a similar cross-section of the complete calendar of the form thatemploys the disks shown in Figs. 15 to 18. Fig. ,20 is a detail of oneof the clips used to hold the movable disk. Figs. 2l and 22 togetherrepresent the face and front part of an amplified form of the circularcalendar whereon the months and hundreds and thousands of years are`divided into separate groups that are pro- `gressively arranged. Fig.23 is an edge view of the same. Figs. 24 and 25 together` represent theback and movable part or disk of the calender shown in Figs. 2l to 23,inclusive.

i In devising and constructing a perpetual calendar that shallaccomplish the objects of thisinvention there are certain facts inconnection with the calculations of time that must be provided for.These I will state, briefly, as follows:

The Christian era, instituted about Anno Domini 527, dates from thebirth of Jesus Christ, assumed to have occurred December 25, in the yearU. C. (Urbe O'ondfita-era of Rome,'dating from the foundation of thecity) "753; J. P. (Julian period) 4713; J. E. (Julian era) 15, and (Ol.cxciv-4 fourth year of the one hundred and ninety-fourth-Olympiad,) andmeasures time by numbering the calendar years consecutively forward andbackward from that event, counting the calendar year next after that dayas Anno Domini (in the year of our Lord) 1, abbreviated .A.. D. 1, andthe calendar year containing that day, as Before Christ 1, abbreviatedB. C. l. The Julian era, instituted at Reine by Julius Czesar, is thesource of the Christian era, and the calendarof the latter, as firstinstituted. is in length of year and rule of intercalation (three commonyears to one intercalary or leap year) exactly like the calendar of theformer, the year 1 of the Julian era being coincident with the year 45B. C. of the Christian era.

The error @cara-In the first thirty-four years of the Julian era, bymakingthe year 1 an nterealary or leap year and only two instead ofthree common years to each intercalary one, twelve days were erroneouslyintercalated instead of nine inV thirty-three years. To correct thiserror, the Roman Emperor directed that no other intercalaryfor `leapyear should occur until the Julian' year 49, (Anno Domini 4.) i

Old Style and new style-In 1582, Anno Domini, it had been ascertainedthat the Julian year (adopted as the Christian year) was too long, andin consequence under the rule of intercalation, three common years toone leap-year, the VernalEquinoX in that year had receded to March 11from March 2l, the day it occurred in 325, Anno Domini, the'year of theNicene Council. This misplaced the feastof Easter and all other movablefeasts of the church dependent upon its occurrence. To correct thiserror, Pope Gregory XIII directed that Friday, October 5, should becounted and become October 15, thus eliminating ten days, and to preventthe recurrenee of the error he also directed that thereafter acentennial year should not be aleapyear unless divisible by fourhundred, while prior to that time, by the rulejof interealation fordates, every year divisible by four was made a leap-year. This change orreformation of the calendar has made two methods of computing time inthe'Christian era, the one prior to the change herein termed old styleand the one after new style. The latter is now used by all civilizednations except Russia and its dependencies and some other countrieswhere the Greek church dominates, which still adhere to old style.

For dates Before Christ old style is used by all countries using theChristian era; but though the rule of intercalation is the same fordates both before and after Christ-three common years for everyleap-year-the application of the rule differs in this particular: Thefirst leap-year Anno Domini was the year 4. Hence every year divisibleby four was a leap-year; but the year 1 Before Christ is counted as thefirst leap-year Before Christ. Hence the rule of intercalation BeforeChrist directs that-the year 1 and every year succeeding in numericalorder a year divisible by four shall be a leap-year. This would make theyear 45 Before Christ a leap-year, as it was by the Julian calendar, ofwhich it was the year l. Between the year 42 Before AChrist (Julian year4L) andthe year 1 Before Christ, both inclusive, the error years must beused if exactness be required in the computation of time.`

The calendar which I have devised provides for all of the changes anderrors hereinbefore pointed out and shows also both oldstyle andnew-style calculations.

i Vith this preliminary explanation I will dar having a belt for theback part andby "imaginary equidistant radii from the centerof the diskin thatform having a disk for the back part. `These spaces aresubdivided in the belt form by imaginary vertical straight lines and inthe disk form by imaginary circumfer- IOO IIO

IZO

seme?. e

yences with different radii from the center of the disk. In inakingthesesubdivisions the space between any two adjoining vertical straight linesor circumferences will be suited to the lateral size of the character orgure to be used. The front part in eachfform of the calendar must bemadeinto like subdivisions and by the same means, respectively, so thatwhen the parts of the calendar are in proper relative position thevertical straight lines inthe belt form and the cireumferences in thedisk form upon the front part will coincide with those upon the backpart. For convenience I shall use for spaces the words rows ofsubdivisions. If this coincidence ofthe vertical straight lines in thebelt form and of circumferences in the disk form ot the calendar becontinuous during movement of the back part it follows mechanically inthe belt form that whenever by such movement a horizontal straight lineupon the back part is passed under a like line on the front part the twostraight lines will coincide, and at the same time every otherhorizontal straight line on the front part will coincide with a likeline on .the back part, and it results also in the disk form thatwhenever by such movement a radius upon `the back part is passed Lindera radius on the front part the two radii will coincide, and at the sametime every radius upon the front part will coincide with a radius uponthe back part. Therefore whenever one subdivision -on the back partpasses under a subdivision -upon the front part there will be a momentwhen the boundary-lines of the subdivision on the front part willcoincide with the boundary-lines of the one on the back part, and atthat moment the boundary-lines of every subdivision on the front partwill coincide with the boundary-lines of a subdivision on the back part.Each character or figure must be placed as near as may be in the centerof its l-snbdivision, leaving sufficient space around `it and Within theboundary-lines of the subdivision to make the character or ligureclearly and distinctly apparent. This rule when applied to the frontpart has some exceptions, which will be hereinafter noted as they occur.Each opening in the front part should eliminate the whole of thesubdivision within the boundary-lines,so that the correspondingsubdivision with its occupying character or ligure upon the back partwill appear through the opening as if upon the front part, and when twofigures are to appear at any opening it should eliminate both thecorresponding subdivisions from the front. In construction thesesubdivision boundaries may be drawn in pencil on both parts and shouldbe finally erased from the back part, though to a certain extent madepermanent on the front part.

In all the figures A represents the front part of the calendar, and Bthe back part. These parts are adjustable relatively to each other, andthey may be of rectangular, circular, or other preferred form, and maybe adjusted by moving one longitudinally underor over the other, asshown in Figs. 1 to 14, herein designated the belt form ofthe calendar,or by arranging both on a common axis or center, and therebyturning oneon the other, as shown in Figs. 15 to 23, herein designated the diskform of the calendar. In the belt form the two rollers L L and L L,whichcarry the belt, have a collarat each end (See Figs. 4 and 7) whichprevent any sidewise motion of the belt. This will secure the necessarycontinuity of coincidence of the vertical straight lines upon the frontpart with those on the back part; and it is self-evident that in thedisk form the adjustment and turning of the back part upon the commoncenter will secure the necessary continuity of coincidence of thecircumferences upon the front part with those of the same radius uponthe back part. The front part A has in each instance printed or markedthereon the names of the months and appropriate groups of figures ornumbers representing the days of each month (except the 29th ot'February) that are progressively arranged. These groups may be arrangedin a single column, as shown in Fig. l, in two columns, as shown in Fig.8, in a single curved column on the circular form of calendar, as shownin Fig. l5, or in two curved columns, also in the circular form, asshown in Figs. 2l and 22, or in any other preferred number of groups orform of column of groups. The numbers representing the days of the monthare arranged in horizontal or radial rows, seven in each complete orfull row, thereby providing for the seven days of the week and creatingseven columns of month-day figuresl in each column of groups, and itwill be noted that where there are in any month a number of daysconstituting part of a week the first number of the next succeedingmonth is arranged in the next succeeding column of month-day figures andin the row of subdivisions selected for the first row of monthdayfigures in the group for the next succeeding month. In arranging thesegroups of month-day figures, however, an exception is preferably made tothe rule requiring each character or figure to be placed in the centeras near as may be of its subdivision. The figures in the first, second,third, fth, sixth, and seventh columns of month-day figures use eachthree horizontally or radially adjoining subdivisions and the figures inthe fourth or center column use tive such adjoining subdivisions. Inarranging these groups still another exception to this same rule ispreferably made, particularly in the 'form of calendar shown in Figs. 21and 22, and in any other form, if desirable or preferable-that is, twoor more adjoining horizon tal or radial rows of subdivisions may be usedfor the month-day figures. The number ot' subdivisions permis-A sibleunder this second exception will, however, be limited and governed bythe location of the openings in the front part for the Weekdaycharacterson the back part, as will be IOO IIO

IZO

hereinafter explained. By the first exception room is made in .thefourth column of monthday figures for the openings in the front part forthe figures 2 and 9. on the back part to complete the month of Februaryon the front part in leap-years, and byboth exceptions the month-dayfigures can be made much larger,as they occupy a group of adjoiningsubdivisions three wide and two or more high, for in the fourth columnof month-day figures this group of subdivisions is limited to the threecentral ones horizontally or radially in the column. YVhen two figurescompose the month-day number, theyoccupy so much of their group ofsubdivisions as possible and still give the number a clear and distinctappearance, and when but one figure in the month-day number it occupiesa like portion of the righthand half of its group of subdivisions. Forinstance, it will be noted that the figure l to represent the first dayof January is placed in the first column of month-day figures. Thisbrings the 31 in the third column and fifth row of month-day figures.The figure 1 to represent February 1 is then placed in the nextsucceeding column of month-day figures and in the row or adjoining rowsof subdivisions selected for the first row of month-day figuresin thegroup for that month, andv this system is followed, it will be noted,through all the forms of the calendar. A horizontal or radial row ofseven openings C is provided in the part A, each eliminating therefromone subdivision-viz., the central one in the column of month-day figuresin whichit is placed and preferably above every second month. In thecircular form of the calendar these openings are arranged in radiallines instead of horizontal, as shown in Figs. 15, 21, and 22. Theseopenings are arranged above the group of figures representing everysecond month, for the reason that the saine characters are to appear ateach row of openings for the common years, while for leap-years thecharacters that appear at the last five rows of openings are alike,butdiffer from those that appear at the first row. I arrange theseopenings C so that the distance vertically between the first and secondrows of openings C is fourteen rows of subdivisions and between anyother two rows of openings C thirteen rows of subdivisions. This appliesto all the forms of the calendar, except the form shown in Figs. 21 to25 of the drawings, in which last-mentioned form the distance verticallybetween the first and second rows of openings C is twenty-six rows of'subdivisions and between any other two rows of openings C twenty-sevenrows of subdivisions. The reason for the increase of space between therows of openings C on this form of the calendar is to give space formaking larger month-day figures on the part A. It will be noticed thatdouble space is used on the front part A for the month-day figures andthat the spaces between the first and second rows of openings C are oneless than beclimas tween the others instead of one more as in thefotherforms, the reasons for which will be hereinafter set forth. l

In the column of month-day figures following February 28 I provide twoopenings D, each eliminating one subdivision from part A, which permitthe figures 2 and 9 (for February 29) on the back part B of the calendarto be shown through the front part A. These openings are arranged in thesame horizontal or radial row as the figures 26, 27, and 28, and theuncut space between the openings is arranged in the same Vertical orcurved column of subdivisions in which is placed the middle opening C ineach row of such openings. There is a slight modification of thearrangement of the openings D in the part A shown in Fig. 21. In thisthe openings are placed in the upper horizontal or radial row ofsubdivisions of the two occupied for the last rowof montlrday figures inthe group for February. This is because the figures 2 and 9 on the partB occupy but one subdivision each. I also provide in the part A of thecomplete calendar four columns `of openings G H I J, which columns arevertical in the belt form (see Fig. 1) and curved in the disk form ofthe calendar. (See Figs.

15, 21, and 22.) Each of these openings elimi.

nates from the part A two subdivisions horizontally or radiallyadjoining. rIhere is but one opening G arranged at the foot of thecolumn, having before it the figure 0. (See Figs. 1, 15, and 22.) Thisis used for the years from 1 to 1-2 Before Christ to correct the errorhereinbefore explained in the Julian era. In the next column there arefifty openings H, having before each one of the numbers O to 49, used torepresent the hundreds and thousands, as required in the numberrepresenting any year from 1 to 4999 Before Christ. These numbers arearranged in order from the bottom to the top of the column or run up.The openings I are thirty-six in number and have before them the numbersO to 357. These are for the years 1 to 3599 Anno Domini, old style. Theopenings .I have before them the numbers 15 to 35, both inclusive, andare twenty-one in number, and they are for the years 1582 to 3599 AnnoDomini, new style. The numbers for the openings I and .I are in thereverse order from the numbers for the openings I-I. In the amplifieddisk form of calendar shown in Figs. 2l to 23 the openings H, I, and Jare each placed part in one and part in the other of two curved columnson opposite sides of the center. The openings H, preceded by the iiguresO to 27, both inclusive, are upon the right side of the center and theremainder on the left. The openings I, preceded by the figures 07 to 21,both inclusive, are upon the left side of the center and the remainderon the right. The openings J, preceded by the figures 15 to 19,bothinelusive, are upon the left side of the center ICO IIO

and the remainder on the right. This arrangement is for convenience anddoes not affect the operation of the device. The openings G and H areomitted from the modified belt form of calendar' shown in Figs. S to 14,which is for the period Anno Domini only. In this form the openings Iare arranged in five vertical columns side by side on the upper andcentral portion of the part A. In the four lefthand columns the openingsare preceded by the figures l to 14, both inclusive, and in theright-hand one by the figures 2 to 15, both inclusive. The firstleft-hand column is used for the years l to 28, both inclusive, and thenext to the right is for the years 29 to 56, both inclusive, and thenext to the right for the years 57 to Si, both inclusive, and the nextto the right for the years S5 to 99, both inclusive, in any century, andthe right-hand column for centennial years, all old style Anno Domini.The openings J are arranged in five vertical columns side by side on thelower and central portion of the part A. In the two left-hand columnsthe openings are preceded by the Iligures 14 to 20, both inclusive, andthe two next columns to the right, which extend one opening higher thanthe preceding two columns, by the figures 15 to 20, both inclusive, andthe right-hand column (which does not extend as far down by one openingas the other` columns) by the figures 16 to 20, both inclusive. Theserive columns are used respectively for the same years in the century asthe columns containing the openings I, but only for years new style tothe year 2100, exclusive, the first day of new style being Friday,October 15, 1592. This peculiar arrangement of the openings I and J isdone to condense this form of the calendar and have it occupy as littlespace as possible, and I am enabled to do this because within everycentury a cycle of, twenty-eight years returns January 1 of thetwentyfninth year to the saine day of the week as January of the firstyear of the cycle-that is, if in any century January 1 of the year lfalls upon Saturday then January 1 of the years 29, 57, and will fallupon Saturday, and if January l of` the year 2 falls on Sunday thenJanuary 1 of the years 30, 58, and 8b will fall upon Sunday, and so onthrough each cycle to and including the last year of the century. Byarranging the month-day figures, together with their accompanyingopenings C for the week-day characters, in two columns of six groupseach, one column for the months in the first half of the year onthe leftside of part A and one column for the months in the last halt' of theyear on the right side of part A, this form of the calendar is very muchcondensed in area, and as another result the belt part B need be but onehundred and twelve subdivisions in net length after joining the ends.

It will be noted that on each form of the calendar the openings H and Ifor the years old style,both Before Christ and Anno Domini, are arrangedin regular succession, the distance between any two openings being onerow of subdivisions, while the openings J for the years new style arearranged as follows: (Beginning, for instance, with the opening beforewhich appears the number 15 there is one row of subdivisions between theopening 15 and the opening 16, three rows of subdivisions between theopening 16 and the opening 17, three rows of subdivisions between theopening 17 and the opening 18, three rows of subdivisions between 18 and19, one row of subdivisions between 19 and 20, and so on. One reason forthis is that, as stated before, in the old style computation everyfourth year is a leap year, while in the new style the leap years occurin every year that is .divisi-l ble by four, except the centennialyears, and in every centennial year that is divisible by four hundred.

Referring now to the back part B of the calendar, which may bedesignated as the movable part, Y(though the front part may be made tomove while the other part remains stationary,) it will be observed thatit must be provided with a series of figures or numbers running from 00to 99, both inclusive, to be shown at each of the series of openings H,I, and J, and with a similar series from l to 42, both inclusive, to beshown at the opening G, with letters or characters designating the daysof the week to .be shown at the openings C, and with the figures 2 and 9to designate the 29th day of Feb' ruary or extra leap-year day to beshown, the 2 at the left-hand, and the 9 at the right-hand, opening D.

The arrangement of the days of the month on the part A of the calenderas above explained divided the months into weeks, January 1 being thefirst day of its week. This places February 1 on the fourth day of itsweek and brings the 29th of February on the fourth day of its week. Thefigures 2 and 9 must be placed with the fourth day of the week in theseries or column of weekday (which term includes Sunday) characters uponthe movable part B of the calendar, and these figures appear at openingsD for and only for each leap-year.

In several particulars now explained there is preferably a differencebetween the amplified disk form of the calendar shown in Figs. 21 to 25,both inclusive, and all the other forms shown in Figs. 1 to 20, bothinclusive. Because this amplified disk form has half the months and partof the figures designating the centuries, with their accompanyingopenings, in curved columns on or in each side of the center of part A,it becomes necessary to duplicate every character and figure upon partB, (except those for the error years and the figures 2 and 9, which.apply only to February on the left side.) This is evident for thereason that the characters and figures IOO IIO

on part B to appear at the openings `in the left side of part A would beinverted on the right side and those to appear at the openings in theright side would be inverted on the left. In order to make thisduplication, the characters and figures and openings upon the left sideof part A are thrown nearer the center than those on the right side bythe width of the curved column of subdivisions used for the naines ofthe months on the left side of part A, and necessarily the charactersand figures upon part B to appear at the open ings on the left side ofpart A are placed in curved columns of subdivisions a like distancenearer to the center of part B than those to appear at the openings inthe right side of part A. It will be noted also that the characters andfigures upon part B to appear at the openings in the left side of part Aare preferably progressively arranged to read upward, except the figuresto designate years in a century Before Christ, which are arranged toread downward, and that the characters and iigu res upon part B toappear at the openings in the right side of partAare preferablyprogressively arranged to read downward, except the figures to designateyears in a century Before Christ, which are arranged to read upward. Itwill be noted also in this form (shown in Figs. 2l to 25, bothinclusive) that preferably the figures 2 and 9 on part B accompany theweek-day character for the fourth day of the week, the 2 being on theleft and the 9 on the right in the second set of the duplicate sets ofthe week-day characters, and that this set is used for January andFebruary in the leap-years.

Now referring to the other forms of the calendar shown in Figs. 1 to 20,both inchisive, in regard to the foregoing particulars, it will be notedthat there is no duplication of the characters or figures upon the partB and that preferably they are progressively arranged to read downward,except the figures to designate the years of a century Before Christ,which are arranged to read upward, and that preferably the figures 2 and9 so accompany the week-day characters for the fourth day of thc week ofthe first set of the duplicate sets of week-day characters, and thatthis set is used for March and subsequent months in leap-years. Thesedifferent uses of the set of week-d ay characters having the figures 2and 9 therein are governed by the relation of the openings D for the29th of February to the openings C for January and February.

The rows or sets of the weekday characters upon the part B of thecalendar read from left to right in the order of the days of the week,and in the saine order are progressively arranged in series of fourteenrows or sets each, the first and second rows or sets and everysucceeding pair of rows or sets being a duplication of the saine week,save the use of the figures 2 and 9 therewith, as hereinbeforeexplained. Each of the seven weeks thus duplicated in each series has'for its first day a dierent but next successive day of the week,reading as they are progressivelyarranged. Therefore between the secondrow or set of any of the duplicate sets in one series and the second rowor set of the duplicate sets of' the saine week in the next series theremust be thirteen rows of subdivisions, and between the first row or setof any of the duplicate sets in one series to the second row or set ofthe duplicate sets of' the saine week in the next lower series theremust be fourteen rows of subdivisions.

Ashas been hereinbefore stated, I use on the part A between the firstand second rows of week-day openings C fourteen rows of subdivisions,and between any other two rows of week-day openings C thirteen rows ofsubdivisions, except in the disk form of the calendar shown in Figs. 2lto 25, both inclusive, in which form I use on the part A between thefirst and second row of week-day openings C twenty-six rows ofsubdivisions, and between any other two rows of week-day openings Ctwenty-seven rows of subdivisions.

For connnon years the same week must appear in all the rows'of week-.dayopenings C in the three forms of the calendar shown in Figs. l to 20,both inclusive. Hence for January and February the first set of theduplicate sets of the given week in the series used will appear in thefirst row of week-day openings C and the second set of' the duplicatesets of the same week in the next lower series will appear in the secondrow ofv week-day openings C for March and April, and the second set ofthe duplicate sets of the same week in the next lower series will appearin the third row of week-day openings C for May and June, and so ou, thesecond set in each case will appear in the fourth, fifth, and sixth rowsof week-day openings C; but for leap-years in the same forms of thecalendar the second set of the duplicate sets of the given week is usedfor January and February. Hence the first set of the duplicate sets ofthe next succeeding week in the next lower series will appear in thesecond row of week-day open ings C for March and April. This will causeMarch to commence one day7 later than in a common year, and will giveroom for the 29th day of February,which will fall upon the midweek-dayof the week in the second series, exactly like that week in the firstseries, which appears for January and February in the first row ofopenings C but as the figures 2 and 9 are found only in the first set ofthe duplicate sets the openings D for such figures will each eliminatefrom the front part A one subdivision in the thirteenth row ofsubdivisions below the first row of openings C. The figures 2 and 9accompany the week-day character in the fourth column of week-daycharacters on the movable part B, thus: The 2 is before and the 9 aftersuch character. Hence the openings D in the IOO IIO

part A are separated only by the subdivision on part A corresponding tothe subdivision on part B occupied by such week-daycharacter, and saidcharacter is hidden by said intervening subdivision on part A. In thedisk form of calendar shown in Figs. 2l to 25 the figures 2 and 0, asbefore stated, appear only with the column of Week-day characters uponpart B used for the left-hand side of part A, because February is onthat side of the calendar, and will each eliminate from part A onesubdivision in the twenty-second radial row of subdivisions below thefirst :radial row of openings C. r This arrangement on part B of theweek-day characters in series of fourteen, composed of seven duplicatese'ts of seven days each that are progressivelyarranged in the order ofthe week-days, both as to the days in each of theduplicate sets and asto the character commencing each set of Y the duplicate sets themselves,one character of the calendar being builtthereon.

of one set of the duplicate sets being accompanied by the figures 2 and9, as heretofore described, is the basic construction of my calendar,the arrangement of the years upon the movable part B and of the face ABy reference to the drawings it will be noticed that in the principalcolumns upon the movable part B the years are arranged for a completecentury and are divided into groups of four, each ligure in the fourthnumber in each group being separated from the remainder of its own groupand from the next group by an additional subdivision. In explanation ofthis, which is the second important feature 'of my invention, I may saythat in the Christian era as originally instituted and in which thecalculation of time is termed old style each calendar century consistsof seventyfive common years and twenty-five leap-years, which areseparated into twenty-tive series of four years each, the first threeyears of each series being common years of three hundred and sixty-fivedays and the fourth a leapyear containing three hundred and sixty-sixdays. As a common year contains pr is made up of fifty-two weeks and aday, it follows that it begins and ends upon the same day of the week.As a leap-year contains fiftytwo i weeks and two days, it follows thatit commences upon one day of the week and ends upon the next. Thereforesuch a four-years series must commence upon one day of the Week and endupon the fourth succeeding one, or, in other words, live succeeding daysof the week are used for the rst and last days of the four years of eachfour-years series. As before stated,the two kinds of years, common andleap years, are represented in the week-day column upon the movable partB by the two forms of the same week distinguished by the figures and 9.One form of week must be used for a'common year. Therefore for the nextcommon year it is necessary to skip the other form of the same Week andplace each figure used in designating such common year on asubdivisionin the second succeeding horizontal or radial row of subdivisionsoccupied by that form of the next week used for a common year. Thus .ineach group of th ree common years the figures will be separated bysingle subdivisions. Therefore only alternate sets ofl week-daycharacters as arranged upon the calendar are used for common years.Hence if the year l of any century is so placed as to be on asubdivision in the same horizontal or radial row of subdivisions withthe form of week used for common years commencing with the same day ofthe week as that year the year 2 will have to be placed on a subdivisionin the second succeeding horizontal or radial row of subdivisions inorder to be opposite a form of week used for common years commencingwith the succeeding day of the week, and the year 3 on a subdivision inthe next succeeding second horilzontal or radial row of subdivisions forthe same reason; but as the year 4f is a leapyear and must use the otherform of week commencing with the succeeding day of the week it must beadvanced one horizontal or radial row of subdivisions, and hence must beplaced upon the third succeeding horizontal or radial row ofsubdivisions. This is .because the week-day characters used for J anuaryand February in common years are the same set of the duplicate sets. Asthe second succeeding horizontal or radial row of subdivisions containsweek-day characters for the week to be used for January and February ofa common year, the third succeeding horizontal or radial row ofsubdivisions contains the week-day characters to be used for January andFebruary of the next succeeding leap-year. As this leap-year ends withthe day of the week next succeeding the one upon which it begins, thetwo forms of the week commencing with that day are appriated incompletion of that leap-year, and the year 5, which commences with thesecond succeeding day and is the first year of the second four-yearsseries, must therefore be placed upon the third horizontal or radial rowof subdivisions succeeding the one upon which the year 4 was placed,because the year 5 is a common year and must use the same set in thoseduplicate sets as had been used before for common years in theirrespective duplicate sets. Thus it will be seen that for each four-yearsseries ten rows of subdivisions have been used and that the same numbermust be used for each of the twenty-five four-years series in thecentury. This makes two hundred and fifty rows of subdivisions necessaryupon the movable part B for the one hundred years of any century; buttwo hundred and fifty is not a multiple of fourteen, which is the seriesof weeks used. Hence two hundred and fifty-two, the next multiple offourteen, is the number of rows of subdivisions necessary in order touse this series of week-day characters repeated con- IOO IIO

tnuously upon a belt or disk, the two extra rows ot' subdivisions beingexpended between the 99 and the 00 upon the back part B.

In the foregoing I have referred particularly to the old style, whichwill be more easily understood by reference to the column of years nextto the right-hand column on part B in Figs. 2 and 3. The column of yearsnext to the left-hand column on part B (see Figs. 2 and 3) comprises theyears old style Before Christ, in which the year 1, together with everyyear next succeeding in numerical order or any year that is divisible byfour is a leap-year. The lett-hand column of years upon the. movablepart B, Figs. 2 and 3, comprises the first forty-two years preceding theChristian era, in which period, because of erroneous intercalation, theleapyears were incorrectly numbered. This column gives those forty-twoyears Before Christ as actually measured for leap-years under thaterror. The right-hand column ot' years upon the movable part B, Figs. 2and 3, comprises the years in acenturynewstyle, which do not correspondin position to years old style by reason of the teu days, error occuringup to the sixteenth century corrected by making Friday, the 5th day ofOctober, 1582, old style, the 15th day ot October, the new stylestarting from that day; but in theirnumerical order and relation to eachother they are exactly the same as the years in the old style column.The right-hand column before referred to will be Jfound to contain twopairs of zeros, the rst pair in order of numbers in this column beingused for centennial leap-years and the other pair for the centennialcommon years new style. In new style only such centennial years as aredivisible by four hundred are leap-years, and in Figs. 2 to 17 and 24 Ihave distinguished by color or shading between the pair of zerosemployed for centennial leap-year dates and centennial common-yeardates, and it will be noted that there is but one row of subdivisionsbetween the year 1 and that pair used for common-year dates, while thereare two rows of subdivisions between the year 1 and that set used forleap-year dates. It will be noted that in the belt form of the calendarshown in Figs. 8 to 14, both inclusive, only the Christian era to theyear 2099 is used and that on part A (see Fig. 8) the centuries arerepeated in tive columns placed between the two columns of groups of themonths, the first six on the left and the last six on the right side,and that on part B (see Fig. 14) the years in the century are grouped intive columns, the years from 1 to 2S, both inclusive, in the rst columnand the years 29 to 5G, both inclusive, in the second column, (next tothe right,) and the years 57 to 84, both inclusive, in the third, andthe years 85 to 99 in the fourth, and the OO for the centennial yearcharacters alike on each side, except that the igures 2 and 9 accompanythe midweek-day character onthe left side, because February is placed onthat side of part A. Much of this has been described before, but isrepeated here because of its contrast with what has just been said ofthe belt form of the calendar shown in Figs. 1 to 7. It will be notedalso that in the two disk forms of the calendar shown in Figs. 15 to 25the description just made of the belt form of calendar shown in Figs. 1to 7 will be applicable to these two disk forms, if referring to thecenter of the disk inner be used for left hand an( outer for right hand.It will be noted also that on the movable part B, Figs. 2, 3, 14, 16,17, 24, and 25, the numerical order of the numbers comprising the yearsin the old style and new style columns Anno Domini are the reverse ofthe numerical order of numbers comprising the error years and old styleyears Before Christ, and that the order of the duplicate sets of theweek-day characters correspond to the numerical order of the columns ot'the years both old style' and new style Anno Domini.

The face or front part A of the calendar, as before stated, has columnscorresponding to the year-columns upon the back or movable part B. Theface or front part A is measured or divided into rows of subdivisionsthat are identical in size with the corresponding rows of subdivisionson the movable part B. In the old style columns the openings in part Athrough which the units and tens tigures upon the movable part B showare placed one horizontal or radial row of subdivisions apart, suchbeing the distance between common-year numbers upon the movable part B.rlhe elimination of the 29th of February from every centennial year, newstyle, not divisible by four hundred renders a dierent arrangementnecessaryin the new style column upon the tace or part A of thecalendar.

The forms of the calendar shown in Figs. 1 to 7 and that shown in Figs.15 to 2O are alike in the application of the principle of construction,except that one has an oblong front and uses a belt for the back-part,while the other is circular and uses a movable disk of the same size forthe back part, the mechanical movement requisite to adjust the calendarbeing produced (in one case) by turning a roller which carries the beltand in the other case by turning the back disk upon the center of thetwo parts. In mechanical movement the form shown in Figs. 21 to 25 islike the form shown in Figs. 15 to 20, but diers in some other respectsfromeither of the other forms.

Again taking up the front part A of the form shown in Figs. 21 to 25 andrepeating somewhat in this connection for greater clearness, it will beseen that the months for the first halt of the year appear upon thelefthand side of the calendar, while the months for the last half of theyear appear upon the IOO IIO

IIS

